Addition of HX
Markovnikov addition of H and X across the double bond.
HX Addition with Rearrangement
The intermediate cation shifts before halide adds.
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Markovnikov addition of water through a carbocation.
Oxymercuration
Markovnikov hydration with no rearrangement.
Hydroboration–Oxidation
Anti-Markovnikov, syn addition of water.
Bromine Addition
Anti addition of Br2 through a bromonium ion.
Halohydrin Formation
Br2 in water opens the bromonium to a halohydrin.
Anti Dihydroxylation
An epoxide is opened to give a trans-diol.
Syn Dihydroxylation
OsO4 adds two OH groups on the same face.
Ozonolysis
Ozone cleaves the alkene into two carbonyls.