Alpha Bromination
Acid-catalyzed halogenation at the alpha carbon.
Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky
Alpha-bromination of a carboxylic acid.
Aldol Condensation
An enolate adds then dehydrates to an enone.
Crossed Aldol
An aldol between two different carbonyls.
Intramolecular Aldol
A ring-forming aldol condensation.
Claisen Condensation
Two esters give a beta-keto ester.
Dieckmann Cyclization
An intramolecular Claisen forms a ring.
Alpha Alkylation
An enolate is alkylated by an alkyl halide.
Malonic Ester Synthesis
Builds substituted acetic acids.
Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
Builds substituted methyl ketones.
Decarboxylation
A beta-keto acid loses CO2 on heating.
Michael Addition
Conjugate addition to an enone.
Organocuprate Addition
1,4-addition of a cuprate to an enone.
Robinson Annulation
A Michael then aldol builds a new ring.