Benzene Bromination
Electrophilic aromatic bromination of benzene.
Benzene Sulfonation
A reversible SO3 substitution onto the ring.
Benzene Nitration
The nitronium ion substitutes onto benzene.
Friedel–Crafts Alkylation
A carbocation alkylates the aromatic ring.
Friedel–Crafts Acylation
An acylium ion installs a ketone group.
Phenol Bromination
The activated ring brominates readily.
Phenol Acetate Bromination
A protected phenol directs the bromination.
Benzoic Acid Nitration
The meta-directing carboxyl controls the site.
Chlorobenzene Nitration
Chlorine directs the electrophile ortho and para.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Addition–elimination through a Meisenheimer complex.
Benzyne Formation
Strong base eliminates to a strained benzyne.
Benzyne Diels–Alder
Benzyne is trapped by a diene in a cycloaddition.