Nitrile Hydrolysis (Acid)
A nitrile hydrolyzes to a carboxylic acid.
Nitrile Hydrolysis (Base)
Base hydrolyzes a nitrile to a carboxylate.
Grignard Carboxylation
A Grignard reagent plus CO2 gives a carboxylic acid.
Ester to Amide
An amine converts an ester into an amide.
Fischer Esterification
Acid and alcohol form an ester reversibly.
Saponification
Base hydrolyzes an ester to a carboxylate.
Ester Hydrolysis (Acid)
Acid hydrolyzes an ester to acid plus alcohol.
Ester Reduction (LAH)
LiAlH4 reduces an ester to a primary alcohol.
Ester + Grignard
Two equivalents of Grignard give a tertiary alcohol.
Amide Hydrolysis (Acid)
Acid hydrolyzes an amide to a carboxylic acid.
Amide Hydrolysis (Base)
Base hydrolyzes an amide to a carboxylate.
Grignard + Nitrile
A Grignard adds to a nitrile to form a ketone.